The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence, particularly OpenAI’s ChatGPT, is transforming how people perform everyday and professional tasks. Understanding how this technology affects human skills is increasingly important, yet quantitative evidence remains scarce. To contribute to this discussion, 616,073 tweets were analysed in which users described tasks they asked ChatGPT to perform. Using Natural Language Processing techniques, tasks were extracted and mapped to the ESCO taxonomy.

ESCO played a central role in this approach by providing a standardized reference for identifying which human skills correspond to the tasks delegated to ChatGPT. Through BERT, user-requested tasks were matched to ESCO-defined skills and the first large-scale measurement of how generative AI interacts with established labour-market competences was produced. The results show that ChatGPT is associated with 185 ESCO skills, with frequent tasks linked to areas such as summarisation, content creation, and problem-solving. By positioning ESCO at the core of the analysis, this study illustrates how skill taxonomies can be used to quantify the impact of generative AI on human competences and to monitor emerging shifts in digital skill requirements.

Read the full study: "The impact of ChatGPT on human skills: A quantitative study on Twitter data"

This article contributes to the broader collection of external ESCO publications, showcasing the use of ESCO within various methodologies or its presentation in both European and International contexts. As ESCO becomes increasingly used in applications and research projects across Europe and beyond, it is valuable to collect such sources and share best practices by diverse stakeholders. Therefore, this collection of external publications strengthens the exchange of knowledge within the ESCO community and can contribute to mutual learning in the field of skills, occupations and qualifications among European and international actors. If you are interested in sharing your publication, please write to EMPL-ESCO-SECRETARIAT@ec.europa.eu